Larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts and their combination against the mosquito vectors Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (2025)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research Larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts and their combination against the mosquito vectors Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

In order to develop an environment-friendly botanical mosquito larvicide alternative to the chemical larvicides, extracts were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Lantana camara, Nerium oleander, and Tecoma stans with three organic solvents such as methanol (ME), chloroform (CH), and petroleum ether (PE) using a Soxhlet extractor. The plant extracts were screened for larvicidal activity individually and in combination against the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus as per WHO protocol. Among the extracts, the maximum larvicidal activity was shown by the PE extract of L. camara (LC50 10.63 mg/ L) followed by the PE extract of T. stans (LC50 19.26 mg/L), ME extract of N. oleander (LC50 35.82 mg/L), and PE extract of H. suaveolens (LC50 38.39 mg/L) against Cx. quinquefasciatus. In the case of Ae. aegypti, the PE extract of T. stans showed maximum activity with LC50 value of 55.41 mg/L followed by H. suaveolens (LC50 64.49 mg/L), PE extract of L. camara (LC50 74.93 mg/L), and ME extract of N. oleander (LC50 84.09). A blend of these four extracts resulted in a combination with corresponding LC50 values of 4.32 and 7.19 mg/L against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The predator safety factors were 12.55 and 20.88 for Gambusia affinis with respect to Aedes and Culex larvae for the extract combination. Chemical constituents in extracts were also identified by FT-IR and GC-MS data. The present investigations suggest the possible use of this blend of botanical extracts as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicide against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.

Laboratory Study on Larvicidal Activity of Different Plant Extractsagainst Aedes aegypti

2015

Background: Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. Methodology: WHO standard larvicidal bioassay method was used and 30 late 3rd and early 4th instar larvae were subjected to four different concentrations i.e. 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% against test solutions which were made by using acetone as solvent. Mortality counts were made every 24 and 48 hours in each treatment. The LC50, LC99, standard error, fiducial limits at 95% confidence and regression equations were calculated. Results: The results showed neem and pine oil extract are best in terms of LC50 and LC99, with 100% mortality at 3% and 4% concentration after 24 hours. The trend with respect to LC50 and LC99 after 48 hours was Pine > Neem...

Larvicidal and synergistic potentials of some plant extracts against Aedes aegypti

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Introduction: The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of four plants was determined and assayed for their larvicidal activities against the 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, aiming to detect the promising ones. Method: The parts of the plants were sampled, dried out and powdered. The powdery parts of the plants were extracted with the help of methanol at room temperature for 3 days, with agitation. The extract was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting methanol extracts were tested against the 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results: About sixty four percent (64.3%) of the tested extracts had moderate larvicidal activity after 24 hours. The leaf extract of Capsicum annuum was the most active at 1000 ppm. Conclusion: The parts of the plants assayed gave a dissimilar variety of larvicidal potentials, which can be utilized as a control manager for mosquitoes.

SYNERGISTIC LARVICIDAL ACTION OF INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS IN COMBINATION AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth, 2022

The most effective methods for addressing the problems of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution are expected to be phytochemicals. The current study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of metabolites from three indigenous plan in combination (Argemone mexicana, Tinospora cordifolia, and Prunus persica) in controlling Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The leaf and seed of Argemone mexicana, Prunus persica, and the leaf of Tinospora cordifolia and two solvents (ethanol and petroleum ether) making a total 7 combination groups (A to G) were used in bioassay to determine LC50 and LC90 values. Combination group- A (ethanolic + ethanolic extracts of seed of Prunus persica and Argemone mexicana) LC50and LC90 values of 70.79 and 169.59 ppm after 24 h post-exposure. Similarly, other combination groups- B, C, D, E, F, and G with LC50 values of 58.88, 74.13, 81.28, 89.12, 61.65, and 57.54 ppm, respectively, and LC90 values of 147.91, 173.78, 229.08, 269.15, 162.18, and 151.35 ppm, respectively, within 24 h. In combination, against the third instar larvae, all the treatments were shown great larvicidal potential (P<0.05). The regression equation showed a dose-dependent mortality, the mortality rate was positively correlated with the concentration. Results showed plant metabolites can be used in combination as eco-friendly insecticides for the control of dengue vectors.

Larvicidal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes aegypti, Ochlerotatus togoi, and Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2004

The toxicities of methanol extracts from 28 medicinal plant species to early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Ochlerotatus togoi (Aedes togoi), and Culex pipiens pal/ens were determined in the laboratory. Responses varied according to plant and mosquito species. At a concentration of 100 ppm, >90% mortality of the three species was obtained with the extracts of Cinnamomum cassia bark, Illicium verum fruit, Piper nigrum fruit, Zanthoxylum piperitum fruit, and Kaempferia galanga rhizome. P. nigrum fruit extract gave 100% mortality of larvae of Ae. aegypti and 0. togoi at 5 ppm and 96% mortality of larvae of C. pipiens pal/ens at 2.5 ppm. Z. piperitum fruit extract gave 85, 100, and 48% mortality in larvae of Ae. aegypti, 0. togoi, and Cx. pipiens pal/ens at 10 ppm, respectively. The plants described merit further study as potential mosquito larval control agents.

Mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent properties of botanical extracts against Anopheles stephensi , Aedes aegypti , and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae

Parasitology Research

Mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. In mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to be used successfully as eggs, larvae, and adult. The larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of crude benzene and ethyl acetate extracts of leaf of Ervatamia coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima were assayed for their toxicity against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in benzene extract of E. coronaria against the larvae of Anopheles Stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus with the LC50 and LC90 values were 79.08, 89.59, and 96.15 ppm and 150.47, 166.04, and 174.10 ppm, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h posttreatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The leaf extract of E. coronaria was found to be most effective than Caesalpinia pulcherrima against eggs/egg rafts of three vector mosquitoes. For E. coronaria, the benzene extract exerted 300, 250, and 200 ppm against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of benzene and ethyl acetate extract of E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm2 were applied on skin of fore arm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of the reported E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants.

Adulticidal and repellent properties of indigenous plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Parasitology Research, 2011

Several diseases are associated to the mosquitohuman interaction. Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The adulticidal and repellent activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaf of Eclipta alba and Andrographis paniculata were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata against the adults of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti with the LC 50 and LC 90 values were 149.81, 172.37 ppm and 288.12, 321.01 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm 2 were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of the reported E. alba and A. paniculata plants.

Larvicidal activity of plant extracts on Aedes Aegypti L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNERGISTIC LARVICIDAL ACTION OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA AGAINST THIRD INSTAR LARVAE OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth, 2022

Aedes aegypti is the principal dengue vector. A threat to public health exists globally due to the dengue vector's development of resistance as a result of the widespread use of chemical insecticides. Tropical and subtropical countries are especially susceptible to dengue vector infection. The focus of research has been on plant-based phytochemicals that are employed as larvicides against mosquitoes. Bioinsecticides made from plants are biodegradable, and safe for the environment. In the present investigation, Argemone mexicana leaf and seed extracts were successfully tested against the third instar of Aedes aegypti, in accordance with the guidelines of WHO. The aqueous extract of the leaf with LC50 and LC90 values of 133.25 and 311.68 ppm, ethanolic extract leaf with LC50 and LC90 values of 102.32 and 239.88 ppm, and petroleum ether extracts of the leaf with LC50 and LC90 values of 123.02 and 281 ppm. Similarly, aqueous, ethanolic, and petroleum ether seed extracts with LC50 values of 154.88, 120.22, and 104.71 ppm and LC90 values of 393.07, 281.83, and 239.88 ppm, respectively, in 24 h post-exposure. All the extracts were shown significant (P<0.05) larvicidal potential. Preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of different phytoconstituents. Our findings suggest that the leaves and seeds have larvicidal potential, this plant's metabolites may be a cost-effective and eco-friendly source that keeps the mosquito population below the threshold level.